Space exploration is the human endeavour to explore the vast expanse beyond Earth's atmosphere. Since the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, space exploration has advanced significantly, with notable achievements including human moon landings, robotic missions to distant planets, and the operation of the International Space Station. Space agencies continue to push the boundaries of our knowledge, with future goals including crewed missions to Mars, asteroid mining, and the search for extra-terrestrial life.